On 26th August 1937, Peng Ren-bian flew a Douglas O2MC from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province to Shanghai to raid Japanese forces, and accomplished the mission over the target area. While flying back, he was suddenly attacked by multiple hostile aircraft, and killed in the skies over Lin’an of Zhejiang. He was given a posthumous promotion to the rank of first lieutenant, and was survived by his parents and wife.